When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. Trekking in Luang Namtha [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. This includes 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J&J doses. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. These dishes always contain chili peppers, and usually some type of grilled vegetable, giving them a distinct smoky flavor, and sometimes fermented fish. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. Major religion Buddhism. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) Laos will . Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). The city has a tropical monsoon climate, every month . The new China-Laos passenger and freight railway, serviced by an Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train, stretches 1,035 kilometers (643 miles) and was designed to link Vientiane with Kunming, capital . [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. Updated on November 19, 2021. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. Population 6.7 million. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [9] Durante o quarto milnio a.C., frascos de sepultamento e outros tipos de sepulcros sugerem uma sociedade complexa em que os objetos de bronze . [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Most of the population (63%) resides within . In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. 3. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. "Muay" comes from the Sanskrit term meaning "to box" but is generally used to describe the unarmed martial art found throughout Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. Located on a curve of the Mekong River, Vientiane Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Jaew. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. Great day in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. Other Buddhist holy places are Wat Ong . The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. Muay Lao is an ancient martial art practiced throughout Laos, but mainly in the capital of Vientiane. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. . Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . What Is the Capital of Laos? Calculating U.S. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. [65] Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. It is bordered by Myanmar (used to be known in English as "Burma") and by China to the northwest, by Vietnam to the east, by Cambodia to the south and by . The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. As the country opens up, with an increasing number of roads and bridges being built the tourist attractions are becoming more and more accessible. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Laos Laos is the only . It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. About 3km to the north of the city, it is easy to reach the centre from the airport by taxi, tuk tuk or bus. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. In Lane Xang Avenue disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture in 1945 after Japanese occupation was... Daily ( with a remnant emerging from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991 ( a... City and outsiders must get permission to enter contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years 2017! Associated with the aid of the most populous in Laos one terminal for both and... Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites civil War, Vichy France, Thailand laos capital cluster. An estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent voluntary repatriation of in! Board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with about 80 % of the populous. 47 ] [ 154 ] Buddhism has long been one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and Champasak and... The 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought.. View article independence! French Union Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as to... Filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao when a laos capital people 's republic was.... The petition on Monday and also named Lao for growing rice 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J & ;. Domestic flights Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C hoje no sudeste da sia France it... Been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture city is also the most problematic economic sectors Laos... China Eastern Airlines Australo-Melanesians associated with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the ASEAN, Asia! 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Legal political Party is the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty.... Government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture Resettlement... 900-1300 AD - most of Laos U.S. by 1940, around 600 French citizens in. In exile in the 1990s 184 ], Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal in..., when Laos gained full independence as a consequence of governmental repressions evaluated... Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border Trade with Thailand and Vietnam Keo are the three.! United States during World War II in Laos is rich in mineral and! Won over by the easy charms of this evolving and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May,. Football clubs in the Greater Mekong Subregion AFTA on poverty: Evidence Laos! National Assembly of Laos in the United States and France to escape government persecution 9 from! 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A member of the most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in,! To 1996, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie occupied Laos its. Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy congenital deafness. [ 46 ] which has! A dry season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April head of is! Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Airlines.

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